Corneal Transplant – PKP (Penetrating Keratoplasty)

Corneal Transplant – PKP (Penetrating Keratoplasty)

The cornea is the clear window at the front of the eye that bends and helps focus light onto the back of the eye (the retina). In order for vision to be clear, the cornea must be clean and clear. Corneal disease can cause the cornea to become opaque or cloudy, preventing light from passing through clearly.

Penetrating Keratoplasty or PKP involves replacing the patient’s diseased cornea with a full thickness corneal graft from a deceased donor. Traditionally, a full-thickness disc or “button” of the diseased cornea is removed and replaced with a matching button of donor cornea which is sutured in place. 

The success of the graft is dependent on regular follow up and regular use of eye drops to prevent rejection of the graft. Follow up may vary but usually visits required are 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 mths, 6 mths, 1 year after surgery etc. Drops typically start 4 times a day and are tapered to 1 drop daily over the course of a year. PKP is a lengthy process where optimal vision is typically attained 18 months postoperatively. Spectacles, laser procedures, further incisional surgery or the wear of rigid contact lenses may be needed to achieve the best vision possible. 

Depending on the condition the chance of success with a full thickness corneal transplant may be as high as 95%. If it fails it can often be repeated but with reduced chance of success. As with any surgery there is a small risk of infection and vision loss with a corneal transplant. Eye drops and meticulous postoperative care is required to minimize these risks. There is also a small but significant chance of having elevated pressure, necessitating use of glaucoma drops or further surgery.